Kevin Walsh, Director of Information Technology and Cybersecurity, GAO

Modernizing legacy IT systems remains a significant challenge for federal agencies. Kevin Walsh discussed several obstacles that can hinder modernization efforts, including cybersecurity vulnerabilities tied to outdated or unpatched software, workforce shortages and aging technologies that no longer meet mission needs.

Walsh also highlighted strategies agencies can use to overcome these challenges. One key tool is artificial intelligence, which can help identify vulnerabilities in legacy systems, bridge capability gaps during technology transitions and support more effective cybersecurity operations. AI can also enhance continuous monitoring efforts, helping agencies track system performance, identify risks and manage upgrades more efficiently. According to Walsh, adopting a continuous modernization approach can streamline future technology refreshes and strengthen agency resilience over time.